Apparatus for removing dust from precipitator electrodes



May 31 1927.

G. B. lr-'cmxas K APPARATUS FOR REMOVING DUST FROM PRECIPITATORELECTRODES y Filed Sept. 1Q. 1925.

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ASSGNOB, T MEERAN SMEKITXN@ AND/ REFHUIG UMEPANY, Ulm' NEUW' TUER, hl'.Y., .d CORPORATXOIN Q35 NEW JERSEY.

.alclme'ls FOR. ltEllIOtlNtt D'Ulal application ated september lll/ily`present invention relates to apparatus fer use in connection withapparatus which ln the apparatus of my present invention and closing theduct.

automatic means are provided for stopping the flow of gases laden withdust past such precipitated electrodes, for opening and closing the hightension circuit of said electrodes, and for rendering operative andinoperative vibrators for jarring saidelec# trodes, and for successivelyvibrating different sets of said electrodes.

llii the precipitating apparatus and oontrol apparatus thereforaccording to my inventien there is comprised a duct in which are`positimned successively a number of sets of precipitating apparatuscomprising cooperating electrodes connected to a high tensicn electricsource such as is exemplified in the usual electrostatic precipitator.Each of said vsets comprises a series of spaced apart grounded plateelectrodes and a set of spaced apart wire. electrodes in repose betweenthe said plate electrodes and connected to a source of high tensionelectric ciu;- rent one side of which is grounded. Each precipitatingapparat-us is providedA with vibratois for its electrodes such aselectric vibrators or air hammers. Across thesaid duct is provided a setof dampers for Open- An electric switch is pipvided for each set ofprecipitators for opening and closing the high tension circuit thereof.For controlling this apparatus, to open and close said duct, and

to successively electrically disconnect the 'said precipitator sets andvibrate them l provide a clock adapted to make an electrical contact ata predetermined time for rendering operative in a manner hereinafterfully described the vibrating apparat-us, and for opening and'closingthe duct dempers, and for maintaining said vibrator apparatus operativefor a predetermined period of time after which the vibrating apparatusis rendered inoperative. The electric circuit opened by said clockis'connected to an electric motor which drives a reduction worm and gearfor rotating a camshaft and a series of cams attached thereto foroperating a series of valves included in a pneumatic system. Thepneumatic System controls said electric circuits, said sets of vibratingap-A iaiaat. sei-iai ire. taller.

paratus, and said dampers as hereinafter4 fully described.

ln the accompanying drawing Fig. 1

shows an embodiment of my invention com- Jfor controlling said pneumaticmeans, and f a time clock for controlling the circuit to said electricmotor for rendering it active at predetermined. intervals forpredetermined periods of time; and

Fig. 2 illustrates a type of air hammer which may beemployed forvibrating the electrodes.

ln the following description and in the claims parts will be identifiedby specific names for convenience, but they are intended to be asgeneric in'their application to similar parts as the art will permit.

ln the drawing the duct 10 serves for transmission of dust-laden gasesfrom which it is desired to precipitate said dust, for example, the fluegases from a zinc smelting furnace from which it is desired toprecipitate valuable metal particles and particles of metal solids whichwould otherwise pass out with the exhaust frases and be lost. ln saidduct are mounted three banks of high tension electrodes l2 and 14 whichare connected to respective sources of high jtension electric current16, the electrodes 12 being grounded, the electrodes 14 being connectedthrough the respective switches 19,

'20 and 21 toene side of said source, thc

other side of said source being grounded. Said electrodes 12 arepreferably plates and the electrodes 111 are preferably Wires,interposed between tlie spaced apart electrodes 12. Said electrodes 12are mounted on and electrically connected to the ground through thesupporting rail 22 and the electrodes 14 are mounted to the rail 24which alsoA serves as their'electric connection to one source of thehigh tension electric circuit.

ln operable relation to said rail 22 is the air hammer 3() adapted tovibrate said lelectrodes 12 through hammering on said rail 22. Likewisein operable relation to said `cylinders 53, ft

rail 24 is the air hammer- 32 adapted to vibrate electrodes 14. At oneend of duct is aset of shuttersfor dempers 36adapted for movement bymeans of the rod 38 to be opened a'nd closed to permit or prevent thepassage of gases through said duct 104. On said shaft 38 is mounted thepiston ll() which operates in the double ended cylinder whereby said rod38 is Vadapted to be moved to one limiting position by piston l0l incylinder 4 2 to close said dampers and at the other limit of movement toopen said shutters Connected to each of said lswitches 19, and 21.arepiston rods 50 carrying pistons 52 which operate in the and 65respectively and which are operable to open said switches,

i' said switches being normally held closed by tension springs 56 whichare mounted between said piston and the top of'said cylinders.

The air hammer may be constructed as shown in Fig. 2, wherein' thestandard 250' supports the hammer lbyA means of the lnacke-ts2.52,A25-land 256. Said bracket 256 carrieslvan auxiliary piston 258 whichoperates within the auxiliary cylinder 260 mounted at the top ot' hammer30. Between the upper surface of said bracket 254 and the lower surfaceof'a flange 262secu1ed to the top of cylinder 260 the compression spring261 is mounted, which tends to move upwardly said cylinder 260 andhammer 30 to which itis attached. The air pressure pipe 270vwl1ich isVsupplied withiavalve (not shown) connects through a duct 272 extendingthrough piston 258 into the space between said piston-258 and saidcylinder.

2G() and :from sa-idspace intosaid gun 30,

-in a manner well known in the art.- Upon the, admission of air pressure1nto the gun through said pipe 270 the cylinder 260,and gun propel' 3()are moved downwardly to their lowermost position against the tension oi'spring 264- acting between flange 262 and saidluaelmt 254.' In thisposition the hit 248 is broughtA into operating relation with said railand in 4which position said gun 30 through the operation `of its pistoncauses the bit 248`to hammer on said rail 22.

1u the operation ol' the apparatus: the air hammers 3() serve to delivera series of rapid blows to the vbars 22 and 24, which supportrespectively the plate. electrodes 12 and the wire electrodes 14.Through such blows on hars 22 and 24e said electrodes 14 and 16 areshaken free of any -dust which has settled and accumulated on them andlwhich in excessive accumulations causes considerabletrouble throughweighting down the'electrode apparatus, short circuiting them and.

reducing the elliciency of the precipitating apparatus by cutting downthe high tension electrostatic etlects necessary Jfor electiveprecipitation.

. inclusive connect jwith through the pocket valves 76, 78, 80, 82,84,186, 88 and 90 whose respective stems cylinder'260 is moved againstspring 261-` into operating relation with said rail 22 in which positionit delivers rapid blows to said rail through bit 248. Upon release ofair pressure from pipe 270 the spring 261 operates to carry the hammer30 and its bit 248 out of contact with the bar 22 which is connected tothe high tension circuit and to such a distance therelifm as to precludebreakage'of current therebetween.

' For controlling the operation of the said air hammers 30 and 32, andsaid cylinders 42, 53, 54 and 55 for the operation of the dampers 36 andelectric switches 19, 2O and 2l there is provided the manifold 60 whichis connected to an air pressure source through thepipe 62 and whichmanifold is comprised of three principal parts, namely, the pressurechamber (Srl, the feed port chambers 65, G6, 67, (38, 69, 70, 71, and 72which respectively connect to the damper opening side of cylinder 42,the chamber closinglside of cyli11de142, the switch operatingiccylinder53, the air hammersin the Athird bank o'f treater electrodes, the switchhammersin theiirstbank of treater electrodes, said air feed chambersVl'lto 72 said chamber (Se ext-end through the respective bottoms ofsaid chambers and through the bott/oms of corresponding dischargechambers 94 96,

98, 100, 102, 104, 10G, and 108 respectively i and into contact withrespective cams for their operation in a manner hereinafter fullydescribed.

y Between the bottom of lsaid manifold G0 and a lshoulder on each ofsaid pocket valve -stems there is mounted compression spring 110 whichtends to keep its respective valve 1n closed position. Each of saidchambers to 72 inclusive connects with its correspohding dischargechamber through correspending pocket valves 112, 113, 114,115, 11G, 117,118 and 119 respectively, whose stems extend through the bottom of saidmanifold :Mesones 66 and into contact with operating cams to behereinafter fully described. .el sprintr 126 is mounted between the'bottom of sai manifold and 'a shoulder on the end of each of said stemsto hold 'the "valves in the closed position. 1n operable relation withsaid pocket valve stems 'andmountedon the cam shaft 130 are cams 131,,132, .133, 134, 135, 13e, 137, 13e, 133, im, nu, iis, 133, 144, 145,and 146, which engage the stems of the following' respective pocketvalves 76, ne, te, n3, e0, 114i, 32, iis, 83,113, es, 11T, 66, 113, 99,119. 0n one end of said cam shaft is'mounted the reduction gear 150which cooperates with the worm 152 mounted on the shaft 154 oftheelectiic motor 156. 1n the mains 160 of said electric motor 156 ismounted the time switch 162 which in a. manner well knownin the -art isde signed to close the circuit of said motor 156 at given intervals oftime, for example, at intervals of one hour and to hold the circuitclosed for a given period of time, for example, for one minute, duringwhich the motor and its nears 150 and 152 are designed to rotate said saft 130 and the cams thereon through one complete revolution.

r111e operation of the dust precipitating apparatus, and the shutters inthe gas conduit and of the electric switches in the high tensioncircuits of the three banks of recipitator electrodes is designed, totake p ace within this given interval of one minute or any otherpredetermined interval, and in the following order of operation.

Duringthe normal operation of the precipitators the dampers 36 areopen,"the electric switches 19, 20 and 21 are cl'osed,`the air hammers3() and 32 are inactive, and all of 'the pocket valves are ina closedpositionl being so held by their respective springs 110 or 120, the camsof said shaft 13D-being' in a proper position to permit such closure ofsaid pocket valves. Upon rotation of said shaft 130 cam 133 operatessaid pocket valve 78 to allow air under pressure to pass from thepressure chamber 64 to chamber 66 and a suitable conduit into the topside of said cylinder 42 whereupon said piston 42 is actuated to closesaid dampers 36. Aits the movement is continued valve 112 is opened topermit movement of air from the bottom side of cylinder 42 out throughits conduit and through pressure chamber 65 into ezihaust chamber 94.The cam 143 then opens pocket valve 38 to apply air pressure to cylinder55 which actuates to open switch 21. flifter the opening of said switch21, cam 145 opens valve 90 and applies air pressure to' the air hammers30 and 32 of the hrst bank of electrodes for shaking dust fromelectrodes 12 and 14 of that bank. Cam 145 then permits thecorrespondingl spring 110 to close said valve 90; and stop the operationof said irst bank of air hammers.

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Cam 146at this time opens valve 119 to permit the escape of the airtrapped under pressure to the chamber 108 whereupon said hammers 30 and32return to their 'normal position ata predetermined distance fromy saidelectrodes. Said valve 119 remains open until talve 90 is again closed.At this time ycam 143 permits the closure of s aid valve 86h37 itscorresponding spring 110 Whereupo'nfthe spring 56 in cylinder 55 closessaid electric switch 21 and renders the rst bank 'of precipitatingelectrodes again operative.

Cam 144, then opens valve 113 to allow the pressure to be relieved Afromsaid cylinder l 55 and this valve remains open until valve 88'is againopen.

1n like manner valve 84 is opened to allow air pressure to cylinder 54to open switch 20, whereupon valve 86 is opened to allow air pressure tothe air hammers 30 and 32 of the second bank of electrodes from thecham- In like manner cams 135, 136, 137, 138, operating valves 80, 82,114and 115 open switch 19 to operate hammers 30, 32 of the first bank ofelectrodes and'to again close saidswitch 19, valves 114 and 115remaining open until their corresponding valves and 32 are again opened.

At this point cam 133 permits the closure of valvev 78 by its spring 110and valve 113 is opened by its cam 134. Cam 131 now opens valve 76 andvalve`112 is closed by its corresponding spring 120 through ermissionof` its cam 132. Air pressure nov'T eing applied to the bottom side ofpiston 40 it is moved upwardly and said dampers 36 'are again opened.lDuring this movement of piston 40 exhaust from the upper part ofcylinder 42 is permitted through its conduit and through chamber 66 andvalve 113 to the exhaust chamber 96, said valve 113 remaining openuntilvalve 78 is again open. At this point the cam shaft completes itsrevolution and cam 131 permits the` spring 110 to close the -valve 76leaving the dampers 36 open and at continues until operation of thejarring ap- 1 paratus is again commenced at the end of the predeterminedinterval.

While I have shown and described and have pointed out in the annexedclaims certain novel features of my invention, it will be understoodthat Various omissions, sub- `circuit thereof, means or delivering aseries ofrapid blows to the electrodes thereofl for shaking Aaccumulateddust therefrom, and autoinaticmeans' for successively opening saidswitch, renderingoperative said blow delivering incaiis, renderinginoperative said blow deliveringI nieans. and for again closinfi l v l DD said electric switch. i, 211i combination with a plurality of banks ofelectrodes of a high tension pre-- Acipitating apparatus of theusualtype, a

switch in the circuit of each bank, means for deliveringa series ofrapid blows to theelectrodes of each of said banks for shakingaccumulated dust therefrom, automatic means for successively opening theswitch of a gi ven bank,v rendering operative the blowdeli\'ering',ineaii`s thereof, rendering inoperative said blowdelivering means, again clossaid electric switch` and for regulating theswitch and blow delivering means 'of each of said banks in the abovegiven order one bank after the other, i

.ln combination with a plurality of 4banks of electrodes of a hightension precipitating apparatus of the usual type, a

switch inthe cii'cuit of each bank, means for delivering a series ofrapid blows to the elec trodes ofeachof said banks for shakingaciliiiiiiliited dust therefrom, automatic means for successivelyopening the switch of a given bank, `rendering operative the blowdelivering iiieansthereof, `rendering inoperative said blow deliveringineansagain clos ing said' electric switch, for regulating the switchand blow delivering 'means of each of said banks. in the above givenorder one bank al'tcr the other. aiu-l for leaving all,the jarringrapparatusinoperative and all the switches closed alter aA complete cycleof operation of the apparatus of the series of banks.

4; In combination with a fume conduit, av

damper operablefo'r opening and closing said conduit, a bank ofelectrodes of a high tension precipitatingapparatus of the usual type, aswitch in the ci rcuit, thereof, meansl for delivering a series ofrapidblows to said electrodes for shaking accumulated dust therefrom`v andautomatic means for successively closing;l said damper, openingsaidswitch, rendering operative said blow delivering means, for renderinginoperative said blow delivering means, for again closing said electricswitch, and for opening said damper.

'opening said switch, rendering operative said blow delivering means,rendering inoperative saidblow delivering means, and for again closingsaid `electric switch.

(S. ln -coiiibin-.ition with a plurality of banks ol electrodes of ahigh tension dust precipitating apparatus of the usual type, a switch in'thc circuit of each bank, means for delivering a series of rapid blowsto the electrodes of each of said banks for shaking accumulated dusttherefrom, and automatic 'means for controlling the apparatus on each ofsaid banks successively in the following manner and order, opening theswitch of a given bank, rendering operative the blow delivering meansthereof, renderingl inoperative said blow delivering means, and closingthe electric switch of said bank.

In combination with a plurality ol banks of electrodes of a Vhightension dust precipitating apparatus of the'usual type, a

switch in the circuit of each bank, means,

for delivering` a series ofrapid blows to the electrodesot each of saidbanks for shaking accumulated dust therefrom and automatic meansoperative at predetermined intervals for controlling the apparatus oneach of said banks successively in the following manner and order,opening the switch of a given bank, rendering operative the blowdelivering means thereof, rendering inoperative said blow deliveringmeans, and closing the electric switch of said bank.

8.111 combination with a plurality ot` banks of electrodes of a hightension dust precipitating apparatus of the usual type. a switch in thecircuit of each bank, means for delivering a series of rapid blows tothe elec ,trodes of each of said banks for shaking accumulated dusttherefrom, the blow dcliver ing nieansoii one of said banks having meansoperative automatically upon the rendering operative and inoperative ofthe blow deliveringl means to move it into and out of operati verelation to its respective electrodes, and automatic means forcontrolling the appa ratiis on cach of said banks successively in thefollowing manner and order, opening the switch of a given bank,rendering operative the blow delivering nicans thereof, rendei inginoperative said blow delivering means, and'closing the electric switchof said bank.

9. In combination with a plurality of banks of electrodes of a hightension electric precipitating apparatus ofthe usual type, 4a

switch in the circuit of each bank, incans delivering means to n'iove itinto and out of c operative relation to its respective electrodes, andautomatic means operative at predetermined intervals forcontrollingwtlie apparat-us on each'of said banks successively in thefollowingn Amanner and order, opening the switch `of'a ,given bank,rendering,V operative `the blow delivering means thereof, renderinginoperative said blow deliveringmeans, and closing the electric switchof said bank.

10, In combination with a plurality of banks of electrodes of a hightension electric precipitating' apparatus of the usual type. a switch inthe circuit of each bank, means for delivering a series of rapid blowsto the electrodes of each of said banks for shaking accumulated dusttherefrom, the blow deliveringr means of one of said banks having' meansoperative automatically upon the ren dering operative and inoperativeofthe blow delivering means to move it into and out of,

operative -relation to its respective electrodes, and automatic meanscomprising a source of air pressure, a set of valves in a piping systemthereof, cams for operating ,said valves, means for operating saidcams,4

a time clock for controllingr said operating means, and pressureoperated means connected to said valves and respectively to saidswitches and said blow delivering means for controlling the apparatus oneach of said banks successively in the following manner and order,opening the switch of a given bank, renderingoperative the blow delivering means thereof, rendering inoperative said blow delivering means,`and closing the electric switch of saidvbank. i

11. Incombination with a plurality of banks of electrodes of a hightension electric v precipitating apparatus of the usual type, a switchin t-lie circuit of each bank, means for delivering a series ofrapidblows to the elec.

ti'odes of'eacli of saidbanks for shaking accumulated dust therefrom,the blow deliveringmeans of one of said banks having meansoperativeautomatically upon the ren-l dering operative and inoperativeof the blow delivering means to move it into and out of operativerelation to its respective electrodes, and automatic means comprising asource of air pressure, a set of valves in a piping system thereof, camsfor operating said valves, means for operating' said cams, a time clockfor controllingy said operating means, and pressure operated meansconnected to said valves and respectively to said Switches and said blowdelivering means operative at predetermined intervals for controllingtheapparatus on each of said banks successively in the following manner andorder, openmyliand.

- GORDON B. FORBES.

